Metals properties ----------------- The following table gives melting points, boiling points, density and thermal and electrical conductivities for several metals and graphite. +------------+------+------+-------+---------+-----------+-----------+ | material | mp | bp |density|ther cond| elec cond | métal | | en | ºC | ºC | g/cc |watt/cmºK|10^6/ohm-cm| fr | +------------+------+------+-------+---------+-----------+-----------+ +------------+------+------+-------+---------+-----------+-----------+ | aluminum | 660 | 2467 | 2.70 | 2.370 | 0.377 | aluminium | +------------+------+------+-------+---------+-----------+-----------+ | chromium | 1857 | 2672 | 7.19 | 0.937 | 0.0774 | chrome | +------------+------+------+-------+---------+-----------+-----------+ | cobalt | 1495 | 2870 | 8.90 | 1.000 | 0.172 | cobalt | +------------+------+------+-------+---------+-----------+-----------+ | copper | 1083 | 2567 | 8.96 | 4.010 | 0.596 | cuivre | +------------+------+------+-------+---------+-----------+-----------+ | gold | 1064 | 2807 | 19.30 | 3.170 | 0.452 | or | +------------+------+------+-------+---------+-----------+-----------+ | graphite | 3550 | 4827 | 2.62 | 1.290 | 0.00061 | graphite | +------------+------+------+-------+---------+-----------+-----------+ | hafnium | 2227 | 4602 | 13.10 | 0.230 | 0.0312 | hafnium | +------------+------+------+-------+---------+-----------+-----------+ | iridium | 2410 | 4130 | 22.50 | 1.470 | 0.197 | iridium | +------------+------+------+-------+---------+-----------+-----------+ | iron | 1535 | 2750 | 7.86 | 0.802 | 0.0993 | fer | +------------+------+------+-------+---------+-----------+-----------+ | lead | 328 | 1740 | 11.40 | 0.353 | 0.0481 | plomb | +------------+------+------+-------+---------+-----------+-----------+ | magnesium | 649 | 1090 | 1.74 | 1.560 | 0.226 | magnésium | +------------+------+------+-------+---------+-----------+-----------+ | manganese | 1244 | 1962 | 7.43 | 0.078 | 0.00695 | manganèse | +------------+------+------+-------+---------+-----------+-----------+ | molybdenum | 2617 | 4612 | 10.20 | 1.380 | 0.187 | molybdène | +------------+------+------+-------+---------+-----------+-----------+ | nickel | 1453 | 2732 | 8.90 | 0.907 | 0.143 | nickel | +------------+------+------+-------+---------+-----------+-----------+ | niobium | 2468 | 4742 | 8.55 | 0.537 | 0.0693 | niobium | +------------+------+------+-------+---------+-----------+-----------+ | palladium | 1552 | 3140 | 12.00 | 0.718 | 0.095 | palladium | +------------+------+------+-------+---------+-----------+-----------+ | platinum | 1772 | 3827 | 21.40 | 0.716 | 0.0966 | platine | +------------+------+------+-------+---------+-----------+-----------+ | rhenium | 3180 | 5627 | 21.00 | 0.479 | 0.0542 | rhénium | +------------+------+------+-------+---------+-----------+-----------+ | rhodium | 1966 | 3727 | 12.40 | 1.500 | 0.211 | rhodium | +------------+------+------+-------+---------+-----------+-----------+ | ruthenium | 2310 | 3900 | 12.20 | 1.170 | 0.137 | ruthénium | +------------+------+------+-------+---------+-----------+-----------+ | scandium | 1539 | 2832 | 3.00 | 0.158 | 0.0177 | scandium | +------------+------+------+-------+---------+-----------+-----------+ | silver | 962 | 2212 | 10.50 | 4.290 | 0.63 | argent | +------------+------+------+-------+---------+-----------+-----------+ | tantalum | 2996 | 5425 | 16.60 | 0.575 | 0.0761 | tantale | +------------+------+------+-------+---------+-----------+-----------+ | thorium | 1750 | 4790 | 11.70 | 0.540 | 0.0653 | thorium | +------------+------+------+-------+---------+-----------+-----------+ | tin | 232 | 2270 | 7.30 | 0.666 | 0.0917 | étain | +------------+------+------+-------+---------+-----------+-----------+ | titanium | 1660 | 3287 | 4.50 | 0.219 | 0.0234 | titane | +------------+------+------+-------+---------+-----------+-----------+ | tungsten | 3410 | 5660 | 19.30 | 1.740 | 0.189 | tungsten | +------------+------+------+-------+---------+-----------+-----------+ | uranium | 1132 | 3818 | 18.90 | 0.276 | 0.038 | uranium | +------------+------+------+-------+---------+-----------+-----------+ | vanadium | 1890 | 3380 | 5.80 | 0.307 | 0.0489 | vanadium | +------------+------+------+-------+---------+-----------+-----------+ | yttrium | 1523 | 3337 | 4.50 | 0.172 | 0.0166 | yttrium | +------------+------+------+-------+---------+-----------+-----------+ | zinc | 420 | 907 | 7.14 | 1.160 | 0.166 | zinc | +------------+------+------+-------+---------+-----------+-----------+ | zirconium | 1852 | 4377 | 6.49 | 0.227 | 0.0236 | zirconium | +------------+------+------+-------+---------+-----------+-----------+Electrical Properties of Plastics --------------------------------- The following table contains electrical data for several commercially available plastics. For more information on plastics, check out the Macrogalleria. +---------------------------------+-------------+--------------------+-----------------------+ | Plastic | Dielectric |Dielectric Constant | Dissipation Factor | +---------------------------------+-------------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+ | Abbreviation (chemical name) |Volts/0.001" | @ | @ | @ | @ | @ | @ | | Brand name |0.001"|0.005"| 1KHz | 1MHz | 1GHz | 1KHz | 1MHz | 1GHz | +---------------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+ +---------------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+ | ECTFE (ethylene chlorotrifluoro | | | | | | | | | | ethylene copolymer) | 5500 | ---- | 2.6 | 2.6 | ---- | 0.002 | 0.013 | ----- | +---------------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+ | ETFE (ethylene tetrafluoro- | | | | | | | | | | ethylene copolymer) Tefzel | 5000 | 2500 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 0.0008| 0.005 | 0.0005| +---------------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+ | FEP (fluorinated ethylene- | | | | | | | | | | propylene copolymer) Teflon FEP | 6500 | 2000 | 2.25 | 2.03 | 2.05 |<0.0002| 0.0003| 0.0015| +---------------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+ | PFA (perfluoroalkoxy) | | | | | | | | | | Teflon PFA | 4500 | ---- | 2.05 | 2.05 | 2.05 | 0.0002| 0.0002| 0.0005| +---------------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+ | PCTFE (polychlorotrifluoro- | | | | | | | | | | ethylene) | 3450 | 3000 | 2.6 | 2.35 | 2.3 | 0.023 | 0.0013| 0.004 | +---------------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+ | PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) | | | | | | | | | | Teflon | 3200 | 1500 | 2.05 | 2.05 | 2.05 |<0.0001|<0.0001|<0.0001| +---------------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+ | PVF (polyvinylfluoride) | | | | | | | | | | Tedlar | 3500 | 1700 | 8.5 | 7.4 | ---- | ----- | ----- | ----- | +---------------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+ | PVDF (polyvinylidenefluoride) | | | | | | | | | | Kynar | ---- | ---- | 8.4 | ---- | ---- | 0.019 | ----- | ----- | +---------------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+ | (polycaprolactam) |0.002"| | | | | | | | | Nylon6 | 1300 | ---- | 3.7 | 3.0 | ---- | 0.016 | 0.036 | ----- | +---------------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+ | PC (polycarbonate) | | | | | | | | | | Lexan | 6300 | 2000 | 2.99 | 2.93 | 2.89 | 0.0015| 0.010 | 0.012 | +---------------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+ | PET (polyethyleneterephthalate) | | | | | | | | | | Mylar | 7500 | 3400 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 0.005 | 0.016 | 0.005 | +---------------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+ | LDPE (low density polyethylene) | 5000 | 3000 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 0.0003| 0.0003| 0.0003| +---------------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+ | LLDPE (linear low density | | | | | | | | | | polyethylene) | 5000 | 3000 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 0.0003| 0.0003| 0.0003| +---------------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+ | HDPE (high density polyethylene)| 5000 | 3000 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 0.0005| 0.0005| 0.0005| +---------------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+ | UHMWPE (ultra high molecular |0.010"| | | | | | | | | weight polyethylene) | 1300 | ---- | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 0.0002| ----- | ----- | +---------------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+ | PI (polyimide) | 7000 | 3600 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 0.0025| 0.010 | 0.004 | +---------------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+ | PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) | | | | | | | | | | Plexiglas | ---- | ---- | 3.75 | 3.25 | 2.58 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 0.009 | +---------------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+ | PP (polypropylene) | 8000 | 2700 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 0.0003| 0.0003| 0.0003| +---------------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+ | PS (polystyrene) | | | | | | | | | | Styron | 5000 | ---- | 2.55 | 2.55 | 2.55 | 0.0005| 0.0005| 0.0005| +---------------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+ | PVC (polyvinylchloride) | ---- | ---- | 3.15 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 0.013 | 0.0115| 0.019 | +---------------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+ | PVDC (polyvinylidenechloride) | | | | | | | | | | Saran | ---- | ---- | 4.2 | 3.5 | 2.7 | 0.0575| 0.065 | 0.016 | +---------------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+Physical Properties of Plastics ------------------------------- The following table contains physical data for several commercially available plastics. Definitions: Tm, crystalline melting temperature (some plastics have no crystallinity and are said to be amorphous). Tg, glass transition temperature (the plastic becomes brittle below this temperature). Td, heat distortion temperature under a 66 psi load. Cte, coefficient of linear thermal expansion. Tensile Strength, load necessary to pull a sample of the plastic apart. Compressive Strength, load necessary to crush a sample of the plastic. Density, aka specific gravity, mass of plastic per unit volume. +---------------------------------+------------------------+-------------------+-------+ | Plastic | Thermal Properties | Strength |Density| +---------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+-----------+-------+ | Abbreviation (chemical name) | Tm | Tg | Td | Cte |Tensile|Compressive| | | Brand name | ºC | ºC | ºC |ppm/ºC| psi | psi | g/cc | +---------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+-----------+-------+ +---------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+-----------+-------+ | ECTFE (ethylene chlorotrifluoro | 230 | --- | 116 | 80 | 6500 | ----- | 1.68 | | ethylene copolymer) | | | | | | | | +---------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+-----------+-------+ | ETFE (ethylene tetrafluoro- | 270 | --- | 104 | 59 | 6500 | 7100 | 1.70 | | ethylene copolymer) Tefzel | | | | | | | | +---------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+-----------+-------+ | FEP (fluorinated ethylene- | 275 | --- | 70 | --- | 2900 | 2200 | 2.14 | | propylene copolymer) Teflon FEP | | | | | | | | +---------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+-----------+-------+ | PFA (perfluoroalkoxy) | 310 | --- | 74 | --- | 4150 | ----- | 2.14 | | Teflon PFA | | | | | | | | +---------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+-----------+-------+ | PCTFE (polychlorotrifluoro- | 220 | --- | 125 | 53 | 5250 | 6000 | 2.14 | | ethylene) | | | | | | | | +---------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+-----------+-------+ | PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) | 327 | --- | 121 | 95 | 3500 | 1700 | 2.17 | | Teflon | | | | | | | | +---------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+-----------+-------+ | PVF (polyvinylfluoride) | --- | --- | --- | --- | ----- | 12500 | 1.48 | | Tedlar | | | | | | | | +---------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+-----------+-------+ | PVDF (polyvinylidenefluoride) | 176 | --- | 138 | 106 | 6225 | 12450 | 1.77 | | Kynar | | | | | | | | +---------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+-----------+-------+ | (polycaprolactam) | 215 | --- | 187 | 81 | 7400 | 14500 | 1.13 | | Nylon6 | | | | | | | | +---------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+-----------+-------+ | PC (polycarbonate) | --- | 150 | 138 | 68 | 9500 | 12500 | 1.20 | | Lexan | | | | | | | | +---------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+-----------+-------+ | PET (polyethyleneterephthalate) | 255 | 76 | 29 | 65 | 8750 | 13000 | 1.34 | | Mylar | | | | | | | | +---------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+-----------+-------+ | LDPE (low density polyethylene) | 106 | -25 | 42 | 160 | 2875 | ----- | 0.92 | +---------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+-----------+-------+ | LLDPE (linear low density | 123 | --- | --- | --- | 2950 | ----- | 0.93 | | polyethylene) | | | | | | | | +---------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+-----------+-------+ | HDPE (high density polyethylene)| 133 | --- | 85 | 84 | 3850 | 3150 | 0.96 | +---------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+-----------+-------+ | UHMWPE (ultra high molecular | 130 | --- | 75 | 130 | 5600 | ----- | 0.94 | | weight polyethylene) | | | | | | | | +---------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+-----------+-------+ | PI (polyimide) | --- | 337 | 318 | 50 | 13800 | 35000 | 1.39 | +---------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+-----------+-------+ | PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) | --- | 95 | 93 | 70 | 9000 | 14250 | 1.18 | | Plexiglas | | | | | | | | +---------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+-----------+-------+ | PP (polypropylene) | 171 | -20 | 114 | 90 | 5250 | 6750 | 0.90 | +---------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+-----------+-------+ | PS (polystyrene) | --- | 89 | 82 | 66 | 6350 | 12500 | 1.04 | | Styron | | | | | | | | +---------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+-----------+-------+ | PVC (polyvinylchloride) | --- | 90 | 69 | 75 | 6700 | 10500 | 1.44 | +---------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+-----------+-------+ | PVDC (polyvinylidenechloride) | 172 | -15 | 60 | 190 | 4250 | 2350 | 1.68 | | Saran | | | | | | | | +---------------------------------+-----+-----+-----+------+-------+-----------+-------++------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Attenuation of transmission lines in dB/100ft | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ |Cable Type|144 MHz|220 MHz|450 MHz|915 MHz|1.2 GHz|2.4 GHz|5.8 GHz| +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ |RG-58 | 6.2 | 7.4 | 10.6 | 16.5 | 21.1 | 32.2 | 51.6 | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ |RG-8X | 4.7 | 6.0 | 8.6 | 12.8 | 15.9 | 23.1 | 40.9 | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ |LMR-240 | 3.0 | 3.7 | 5.3 | 7.6 | 9.2 | 12.9 | 20.4 | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ |RG-213/214| 2.8 | 3.5 | 5.2 | 8.0 | 10.1 | 15.2 | 28.6 | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ |9913 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 2.8 | 4.2 | 5.2 | 7.7 | 13.8 | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ |LMR-400 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 2.7 | 3.9 | 4.8 | 6.8 | 10.8 | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ |3/8" LDF | 1.3 | 1.6 | 2.3 | 3.4 | 4.2 | 5.9 | 8.1 | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ |LMR-600 | 0.96 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 2.5 | 3.1 | 4.4 | 7.3 | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ |1/2" LDF | 0.85 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 2.2 | 2.7 | 3.9 | 6.6 | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ |7/8" LDF | 0.46 | 0.56 | 0.83 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 3.8 | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ |1"1/4 LDF | 0.34 | 0.42 | 0.62 | 0.91 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 2.8 | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ |1"5/8 LDF | 0.28 | 0.35 | 0.52 | 0.77 | 0.96 | 1.4 | 2.5 | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ +------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Attenuation of transmission lines in dB/100m | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ |Cable Type|144 MHz|220 MHz|450 MHz|915 MHz|1.2 GHz|2.4 GHz|5.8 GHz| +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ |RG-58 | 20.3 | 24.3 | 34.8 | 54.1 | 69.2 |105.6 |169.2 | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ |RG-8X | 15.4 | 19.7 | 28.2 | 42.0 | 52.8 | 75.8 |134.2 | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ |LMR-240 | 9.8 | 12.1 | 17.4 | 24.9 | 30.2 | 42.3 | 66.9 | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ |RG-213/214| 9.2 | 11.5 | 17.1 | 26.2 | 33.1 | 49.9 | 93.8 | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ |9913 | 5.2 | 6.2 | 9.2 | 13.8 | 17.1 | 25.3 | 45.3 | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ |LMR-400 | 4.9 | 5.9 | 8.9 | 12.8 | 15.7 | 22.3 | 35.4 | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ |3/8" LDF | 4.3 | 5.2 | 7.5 | 11.2 | 13.8 | 19.4 | 26.6 | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ |LMR-600 | 3.1 | 3.9 | 5.6 | 8.2 | 10.2 | 14.4 | 23.9 | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ |1/2" LDF | 2.8 | 3.6 | 4.9 | 7.2 | 8.9 | 12.8 | 21.6 | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ |7/8" LDF | 1.5 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 3.9 | 4.9 | 7.5 | 12.5 | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ |1"1/4 LDF | 1.1 | 1.4 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 3.6 | 5.6 | 9.2 | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ |1"5/8 LDF | 0.92 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 2.5 | 3.1 | 4.6 | 8.2 | +----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+